The GOP-controlled Senate passed a resolution Wednesday rebuking President Donald Trump’s emergency declaration used to impose 25 percent tariffs on Canadian imports.

Four GOP Senators, Rand Paul (Ky.), Susan Collins (Maine), Lisa Murkowski (Alaska) and McConnell (Ky.) joined all of their Democratic colleagues in passing Senator Tim Kaine’s (D., Va.) resolution to end Trump’s national emergency. Trump has justified the tariffs on Canada by criticizing America’s northern neighbor for failing to secure its border and prevent the flow of fentanyl.

“Tariffs are a tax. Tariffs will hurt our families. Canada is not an enemy. Let’s act together to fight fentanyl. We can do that. We have done that — we showed it with the HALT Fentanyl Act we passed two weeks ago. But let’s not label an ally as an enemy. Let’s not impose punishing costs on American families at a time they can’t afford it. Let’s not hurt American small businesses. Let’s not make our national security investments in ships and subs more expensive” Kaine said on the Senate floor.

The GOP-controlled House is unlikely to take up the resolution, making it a largely symbolic condemnation of a core aspect of Trump’s economic agenda. So far in Trump’s presidency, Senate Republicans have swiftly moved to confirm his cabinet nominees and are working to advance his agenda through the budget reconciliation process.

Paul, an ideological libertarian, said he was standing up for the American ideal of “no taxation without representation,” a principle dating back to the revolutionary war and Founding Father Patrick Henry. McConnell is not running for reelection and has broken from Trump on several occasions while serving the remainder of his term.

Collins and Murkowski are two of the chamber’s remaining moderates and have similarly broken from Trump multiple times since he assumed office again. Collins is up for reelection in what is expected to be one of the most competitive Senate races nationwide. Trump’s tariffs could damage Maine’s economy by hurting its core industries, including lobster, potatoes, and blueberries, because of the state’s close ties to its bordering nation.

“From home heating oil, gasoline, and petroleum products, to Maine’s paper mills, forest products businesses, and agricultural producers, the proposed tariffs on Canada would be detrimental to Maine families and our local economies,” Collins said on X in February.

The 51–48 Senate vote occurred shortly after Trump announced his “Liberation Day” tariff plan to enact a 10 percent baseline tariff on all imports and additional reciprocal tariffs amounting to half the tariff rate other nations have placed on U.S. exports. However, the White House’s tariff figures for other countries have been disputed because of questions about the apparent formula the Trump administration used to calculate them.

Many economists expect Trump’s tariff policy to substantially raise prices on consumer goods, and Wall Street has reacted harshly to Trump’s tariff strategy. Trump recently dismissed the possibility of prices going up, despite the potential political consequences of failing to bring down inflation.

“I couldn’t care less, because if the prices on foreign cars go up, they’re going to buy American cars,” Trump told NBC News over the weekend.

“I hope they raise their prices, because if they do, people are gonna buy American-made cars. We have plenty.”

All of Trump’s newly announced tariffs will go into effect in the coming days. The president and his advisers have indicated the sweeping tariffs are not simply a negotiating tactic, rather they constitute an economic realignment and a plan to prevent other nations from cheating America on trade. Tariffs have been a signature policy of Trump’s for the entire political career, and he has called the word his favorite in the English language.

Trump initially threatened tariffs on Canadian goods beginning in January and delayed them as Canadian and U.S. negotiators brokered a temporary deal. He did not enact any new tariffs on America’s neighboring countries during his “Liberation Day” announcement.