The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration proposed stricter fuel economy standards Friday to hasten the transition to electric vehicles.

Automakers will be required to improve the average mileage of passenger cars sold between 2027 and 2032 by 2 percent, and the average mileage of light trucks by 4 percent. In order to achieve the average fuel economy of 58 miles per gallon by 2032, roughly two-thirds of the new cars automakers sell by 2032 would have to be electric, the New York Times reported.

“Better vehicle fuel efficiency means more money in Americans’ pockets and stronger energy security for the entire nation,” Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg said.

While the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration is barred by law from taking electric vehicles into account when setting the fuel economy standards, automakers are free to sell electric vehicles to comply.

The Biden administration is thus attacking new auto sales from two separate angles. In April, the administration announced proposed EPA rules which would cut emissions in passenger cars and pickups by half from 2026 to 2032.

Ford and other auto companies are struggling to comply with the increasing pressure to transition to electric vehicles. The infrastructure to support such a drastic shift in such a short amount of time is not there. The cost of rare minerals needed for electric vehicle batteries remains high and there are also concerns surrounding the availability of charging stations.

Layoffs have been instituted at Ford and other auto companies.

Republicans quickly opposed the proposed fuel economy rules, just as they have the emissions standards, with Senator Ted Cruz (R., Texas) calling the Department of Transportation rules part of the continuing “war on affordable gas-powered cars and trucks.”

“This de facto EV mandate will dramatically raise car prices, weaken energy security, and is likely contrary to the law,” said Cruz to Politico.

Some legal experts speculated that the administration is recognizing one set of proposed rules might be struck down in court.

“To a certain extent this is belt and suspenders,” said Michael Gerrard, an environmental law professor at Columbia University, to the Times. “The fact that we have two different rules from two different agencies under two different statutes increases the odds that at least one will survive.”

Arizona’s Republican legislators are one group who has already filed comment against the emissions standards and is considering legal action if the EPA finalizes them.

“These proposed rules will have dire consequences for everyday people here in Arizona, risking our economy, our power grid, and our national security,” Arizona senate president Warren Petersen told National Review last month. “We are stepping into the gap to hold the line against federal overreach.”