Zimbabwe declared a state of disaster Wednesday, April 3, over a devastating drought that's sweeping across much of southern Africa. The country's president declared it needs $2 billion for humanitarian assistance. "Due to the El Niño-induced drought … more than 80% of our country received below normal rainfall," President Emmerson Mnangagwa said in a speech calling for international aid. The country's top priority, he said, is "securing food for all Zimbabweans. No Zimbabwean must succumb to, or die from hunger." He appealed to United Nations agencies, local businesses, and faith organizations to contribute towards humanitarian assistance.
El Niño, a naturally occurring climatic phenomenon that warms parts of the Pacific Ocean every two to seven years, has varied effects on the world's weather. In southern Africa, it typically causes below-average rainfall, but this year has seen the worst drought in decades. In Zimbabwe, the United Nations' World Food Program has already rolled out a food assistance program targeting approximately 2.7 million people, nearly 20 percent of the country's population, from January to March.
Zimbabwe, once a regional agricultural powerhouse and grain exporter, has in recent years relied more and more on aid agencies to avert mass hunger due to extreme weather conditions such as heat waves and floods.
Much of Southern Africa is in the throes of a food crisis due to the ongoing drought. Zimbabwe declared a state of national disaster and appealed for humanitarian assistance from international donors in 2019, after a failed crop left tens of thousands in need. Zambian President Hakainde Hichilema declared the current drought a national disaster in February, saying that almost half of his country's staple corn crop had been destroyed. According to the United Nations Children's Fund, more than 6 million in Zambia, half of them children, have been affected by the drought.
Less than a month later, Malawian President Lazarus Chakwera said his country needed more than $200 million in urgent humanitarian assistance over a drought that he said has affected 2 million households in 23 of the tiny country's 28 districts. The UN Children's Fund said about 9 million people, half of them children, need help in Malawi.
The United States Agency for International Development, the US government's foreign aid agency, has estimated through its Famine Early Warning Systems Network that 20 million people in southern Africa needed food relief between January and March. These needs could extend into early 2025 for many people in areas of highest concern such as Zimbabwe, southern Malawi, parts of Mozambique, and southern Madagascar due to El Niño, USAID said.