Italian photographer Oliviero Toscani, best known for his work on Benetton's provocative advertising campaigns of the 1980s and 1990s, including one featuring a man dying of AIDS, died on Monday, January 13, aged 82.

Toscani, who spent two decades as art director for the fashion retailer, revealed in August he was suffering from the incurable disease amyloidosis.

"With great sadness we announce that today, January 13, 2025, our beloved Oliviero has embarked on his next journey," his family said in a statement on Instagram, asking for privacy.

Toscani was known for using viscerally shocking images not only to sell products but also to draw attention to societal issues, from AIDS and racism to the death penalty and mafia killings.

Most controversial was Toscani's use of a photograph of AIDS sufferer David Kirby on his deathbed surrounded by his family, for a 1992 Benetton campaign during the peak of the AIDS crisis in the United States.

The campaign sparked a backlash by AIDS activists and a boycott of Benetton, but Toscani stood by his work.

In a 2016 interview with a photography blog, he maintained that a company had a responsibility to "show its social intelligence and sensitivity to the society around it".

Benetton on Monday paid tribute to his work. "In order to explain certain things, words simply don't suffice. You taught us that," the firm said, adding: "Farewell Oliviero. Keep on dreaming."

Backlash and censorship

Toscani's work for Benetton -- from 1982 to 2000 and again from 2017-2020 -- was both applauded and reviled.

It included campaigns featuring a black woman breastfeeding a white child, a nun and priest kissing, a still-bloody newborn with umbilical cord attached, and an array of colourful condoms against a white background.

Beyond consumer backlash and boycotts, some of his Benetton campaigns were censored in Italy and France. Some of his other work was similarly controversial – Toscani's 2007 photograph for fashion brand Nolita of a naked and severely anorexic model Isabelle Caro, who later died of the disease, was timed to correspond with Milan Fashion Week. It was shown on billboards with the words "No Anorexia" across the photo.

A 2012 calendar he did for a leather consortium in Florence depicted 12 penises, following another version using female genitalia.

"Photography is ethical engagement. I don't give a damn about photographic aesthetics," Toscani told Italy's Corriere della Sera newspaper in August. Asked which photo he would like to be remembered for, he told the paper: "For the entirety, for the commitment. It is not an image that makes history, it is an ethical, aesthetic, political choice to make with your work."

Born on February 28, 1942 in Milan, Toscani was the son of a respected Corriere photographer and attended art school in Zurich, after which he soon began his work in fashion photography.

Benetton broke ties with Toscani in 2020, however, after dismissive comments he made about the 2018 tragic bridge collapse in Genoa that killed 43 people. The Benetton family was the main shareholder of the company that managed the bridge at the time of the disaster.