France’s Assemblée Nationale on Tuesday, January 30, overwhelmingly approved a bill meant to enshrine a woman’s right to an abortion in the French Constitution, the first key step in a legislative process that also requires a vote in the Sénat.
The measure has been promised by President Emmanuel Macron following a rollback of abortion rights in the United States. Macron’s government wants Article 34 of France's constitution amended to include that "the law determines the conditions by which is exercised the freedom of women to have recourse to an abortion, which is guaranteed." Abortion in France was decriminalized under a 1975 law, but there is nothing in the constitution that would guarantee abortion rights.
The bill was voted on Tuesday evening by the lower house of parliament by 493 votes for and 30 against." Tonight, the Assemblée Nationale and the government did not miss their rendezvous with women's history," Justice Minister Eric Dupond-Moretti said.
A constitutional amendment must pass both chambers of parliament and then be approved either in a referendum or by a three-fifths majority of a joint session of parliament. Macron's government is aiming for the second method, though the measure's level of support in the Sénat is less certain than in the Assemblée Nationale.
None of France’s major political parties represented in parliament is questioning the right to abortion. Yet some members of the conservative majority in the Sénat have criticized the wording of the proposal, making its passage there more uncertain. If the same version of the bill ultimately passes both houses, Macron would call a special session of all legislators in an attempt to win a three-fifths vote.
The government argued in its introduction to the bill that the right to abortion is threatened in the United States, where the Supreme Court in 2022 overturned a 50-year-old ruling that had guaranteed the right to an abortion. "Unfortunately, this event is not isolated: in many countries, even in Europe, there are currents of opinion that seek to hinder at any cost the freedom of women to terminate their pregnancy if they wish," the introduction to the French legislation says.
In Poland, a controversial tightening of the already restrictive abortion law led to protests in the country last year The Polish constitutional court ruled in 2020 that women could no longer terminate pregnancies in cases of severe fetal deformities, including Down Syndrome.