In 2022, the U.S. official poverty rate was 11.5% with a total of 37.9 million people in poverty.

This map, via Visual Capitalist's Kayla Zhu, visualizes the three-year average of poverty rates by U.S. state from 2020 to 2022.

The poverty rates are calculated using the official poverty measure, which defines poverty by comparing the pre-tax annual income to a specific national threshold adjusted for family size.

The figures come from the U.S. Census Bureau and are updated as of September 2023.

U.S. poverty rates were relatively higher in the South.

Many of the states with the highest poverty rates, including New Mexico (18.2%), Mississippi (17.8%), Louisiana (16.9%), Arkansas (15.9%), and Kentucky (15.8%), are characterized by large rural areas which are historically poorer than urban areas.

StateNumber of people in poverty (in thousands)Percentage of population in povertyNew Mexico38218.2%Mississippi51817.8%Louisiana76516.9%Arkansas47515.9%Kentucky70615.8%Oklahoma62015.8%West Virginia27415.6%Alabama73814.8%District of Columbia9814.7%Texas4,02613.7%North Carolina1,40713.3%South Carolina69313.3%Florida2,86113.1%Georgia1,39113.0%Nevada39412.6%New York2,41012.4%Arizona87612.1%Michigan1,15611.7%Alaska8111.5%Missouri69511.5%Ohio1,34511.5%California4,43911.4%Tennessee79611.4%Indiana73910.9%Pennsylvania1,36810.8%Montana11810.7%Delaware10610.5%Hawaii14610.2%Connecticut3509.8%South Dakota869.7%North Dakota739.6%Oregon3999.5%Illinois1,1749.4%Iowa2999.4%Kansas2609.0%Idaho1708.9%Maine1228.9%Rhode Island958.8%Wyoming498.7%Maryland5298.6%Virginia7338.6%Colorado4898.5%Massachusetts5898.5%Vermont538.4%Washington6378.3%New Jersey7498.2%Nebraska1598.1%Wisconsin4678.0%Minnesota4297.7%New Hampshire997.1%Utah2357.1%

Many of these Southern states also have low levels of education attainment and labor force participation, which contribute to slow economic growth and lower personal income levels.

Nine of the 15 states with the lowest per-worker GDP are in the South, and states like Kentucky and Arkansas are among the states with the lowest prime-age employment-to-population ratio.

On the county level, about one in five counties in the South experienced “persistent poverty,” maintaining a poverty rate above 20% for three decades. Over 80% of all persistently poor counties in the U.S. are located in the South.