Americans broke up with Vice President Kamala Harris via text message before they rejected her at the ballot box.

An overwhelming number of voters opted out of her campaign ads sent by text message compared with such ads sent by Donald Trump, according to a new study released Thursday.

In the run-up to November’s election, 86% of voters opted out or unsubscribed to text messages sent by pro-Harris groups compared with 67% who did so in response to messages from pro-Trump groups. That’s according to data from Textla, a text message advertising company that tracked campaign messages sent through its system.

The increased number of opt-outs for pro-Harris texts came even though groups supporting her spent nearly four times as much on political text messages and sent out more than three times as many texts.

From August to November, pro-Harris groups flooded voters with over 24 million texts, spending $124,000, Textla found. In contrast, pro-Trump groups sent 7 million texts and spent $36,884.

The report also found that spam complaints about Republican messages (85) were four times lower than complaints about Democratic ads (363), lending itself to the view that the Trump team took a more cautious approach to targeting supporters.

In the seven swing states, pro-Harris groups sent 775,981 texts to voters between August and November at a cost of $3,879.92. Pro-Trump groups texted swing state voters 211,916 times on the same system, spending $1,059.59.

Despite the disparity, Mr. Trump prevailed in all seven battlegrounds, becoming the first presidential candidate in 40 years to do so.

Textla said the results reflected “a strong bias in favor of Trump across the board, with opt-out rates and negative replies to pro-Harris texts being significantly higher than opt-out rates and replies to pro-Trump texts.

“These results mirrored the election results, indicating higher favorability for Trump across the voter base who received these text campaigns.”

Both campaigns relied on texting as a cheap and easy way to connect with potential voters and donors. It doesn’t have the rules attached to traditional paid broadcast advertisements, and voters can use messages to donate to a campaign directly through their phones.

The ads also cost much less than traditional political ads.

Throughout the campaign, Mr. Trump and Ms. Harris would text voters with dire warnings about what would happen if the other side won unless they donated immediately. The messages often included the name of a political luminary such as George Clooney, Nancy Pelosi or Donald Trump Jr. to make it appear as if the texts were personal rather than through an automated messaging system.

• Jeff Mordock can be reached at jmordock@washingtontimes.com.