Russia's war in Ukraine has caused disruptions in the global food supply and raised prices across the globe.

Ukraine and Russia are among the top exporters of agricultural products, including barley, corn, rapeseed and rapeseed oil, sunflower seed and sunflower oil, and wheat, but the consequences of Moscow's invasion, which began in February 2022, "were major drivers of one of the most disruptive periods in decades for global food security," according to a recently released report from the Office of the Director of National Intelligence.

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Almost 30% of agricultural land in Ukraine was unavailable for use last year due to Russia's occupation and its use of landmines. Ukrainian farmers will plant about a third less grain, which includes barley, corn, and wheat, for the harvest this year compared with the volumes of the years that predate the war. The United States Department of Agriculture predicted in March that Ukraine would produce 25% less wheat than the previous five-year average.

Lower-income countries in the Middle East and northern Africa have most acutely felt the brunt of the worsening shortage due to their heavy reliance on grain imports from Ukraine and Russia, per the report, which the House Intelligence Committee released on Wednesday but is dated from June of this year.

"For over a year, we have watched the Russian invasion wreak devastation for the Ukrainian people," Chairman Mike Turner (R-OH) and ranking member Jim Himes (D-CT) said. "This report casts light on the war's broader disruption to global food security and reveals how Putin has intentionally used food security and the threat of starvation as a negotiating chip. Russia's recent refusal to renew the Black Sea Grain Initiative will worsen this crisis, driving vulnerable nations into food shortages that could leave millions struggling to eat."

The report is dated before Russia's withdrawal from the Black Sea grain deal, though it noted, "The future of global food prices probably will depend on multiple factors including the continuation or suspension of the Black Sea Grain Initiative, amount under cultivation in Ukraine, and the cost and availability of fertilizers."

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Turkey and the United Nations brokered the grain deal, which allowed the Ukrainians to restart vital agricultural exports, in July 2022, and Russia withdrew last month. Since the withdrawal from the agreement, Russian forces have targeted and destroyed Ukraine's port infrastructure, as well as crops. U.S. and European officials have accused Russia of targeting Ukraine's port infrastructure due to its increasing inability to make effective attacks on proper military targets.

Ukraine was able to ship 35 million tons of food during the year the deal was in place, half of which went to the developing world, Secretary of State Antony Blinken said earlier this month.