The Department of Education announced on Wednesday new investigations into five universities over Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals scholarships, which the agency argued are discriminatory.

The universities being investigated are the University of Louisville, the University of Nebraska Omaha, the University of Miami, the University of Michigan, and Western Michigan University. 

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The Education Department’s Office for Civil Rights is investigating these universities under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, arguing that DACA scholarships discriminate based on national origin because they are awarded to illegal immigrants.

The law says, “No person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color, or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.”

The Education Department’s statement did not mention DACA recipients’ status as illegal immigrants as a reason for the investigation, which was only justified by the need “to protect American students and lawful residents from invidious national origin discrimination.”

The investigation closely follows the State Department’s announcement that it will look into Harvard University’s exchange student program. Secretary of State Rubio said Harvard has not been sufficiently transparent with the federal government, compromising national security.

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The Education Department also challenged Harvard, saying the university “may fail to meet the standards for accreditation” under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act.

Amid these investigations, Columbia University is cooperating with the Trump administration after it faced accusations of antisemitism. After the Trump administration cut federal funding, the university increased disciplinary action against pro-Palestinian protesters who violate campus rules.