Time is money, but it seems the United States loses both over the course of daylight saving time.

Every year, the U.S. loses almost $434 million in productivity due to the change in clocks. The amount was calculated based on findings from peer-reviewed academic journals that showed how the time change can lead to an increase in heart attacks, workplace injuries in mining and construction sectors, and increased time wasted on the internet for people who usually work in offices, according to the study by Chmura Economics and Analytics.

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The economic cost of the heart attacks, injuries, and wasted time was then calculated for the study and was applied to more than 300 metropolitan statistical areas. The area with the highest amount of lost productivity was New York, northern New Jersey, and Long Island, where the amount was $29,682,674.

Nearly everyone in the U.S. is planning to set their clocks one hour forward on Sunday, when daylight saving time begins. States and U.S. territories such as Hawaii, American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and most of Arizona do not observe daylight saving time.

On March 1, Sen. Marco Rubio (R-FL) filed a bill to make daylight saving time permanent. The bill, which goes by the name Sunshine Protection Act of 2023, has bipartisan support in the Senate and has been referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

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“This ritual of changing time twice a year is stupid,” Rubio, who introduced similar legislation last year, said in a statement on Thursday. “Locking the clock has overwhelming bipartisan and popular support. This Congress, I hope that we can finally get this done.”

Senators who support Rubio's legislation include James Lankford (R-OK), Alex Padilla (D-CA), Tommy Tuberville (R-AL), Edward J. Markey (D-MA), Bill Hagerty (R-TN), Tina Smith (D-MN), Rick Scott (R-FL), Cindy Hyde-Smith (R-MS), Rand Paul (R-KY), Ron Wyden (D-OR), and Martin Heinrich (D-NM).