(JTA) — A tool for policing campus antisemitism, which since the October 7, 2023, Hamas assault had been largely limited to the US Department of Education, is now expanding into other federal departments under US President Donald Trump’s directive.

The Department of Health and Human Services announced this week that it, too, will be conducting Title VI investigations into allegations of antisemitism.

The first investigations are into four elite medical schools — at Harvard, Columbia, Brown and Johns Hopkins universities — that the department said received “reports of antisemitic incidents during their 2024 commencement ceremonies.”

In a statement, HHS said it will seek to determine whether those medical programs “acted with deliberate indifference regarding events that may have impacted Jewish students’ rights to access educational opportunities and benefits.” And authorities are signaling that federal funding for medical research at these universities could be on the line if they fail to comply, with the release spotlighting hundreds of millions of federal dollars that have reached the schools under investigation.

“The reviews come in response to reported incidents of antisemitism and displays of offensive symbols and messaging during the ceremonies, including alleged expressions of support for terrorist organizations,” a press release from the department announced Monday.

The expansion of Title VI investigations comes as Trump is reportedly taking steps to dismantle the education department, which also opened five new Title VI probes this week.

The two departments and the Justice Department are represented in Trump’s new federal task force that pledges to tackle campus antisemitism more aggressively. (The Biden administration also favored Title VI as an enforcement tool and the former president’s education department opened some investigations into medical schools specifically.)

At least one of the new HHS investigations appears to be inspired by a study published in an Israeli medical journal by two American Jewish doctors.

The study’s authors, Steven Roth and Hedy S. Wald, reviewed footage of recent commencement ceremonies at a range of medical schools, including Harvard, for signs of clothing or behavior they considered “either openly antisemitic or potentially offensive or insensitive.” (The study was summarized in a New York Post article cited by HHS investigators in a letter to Harvard, according to the Harvard Crimson.)

Roth and Wald — the latter is a Brown professor and commissioner of  The Lancet medical journal’s Commission on Medicine, Nazism and the Holocaust — found that 2.5 percent of the graduating cohort they studied wore “symbols representing antisemitic themes” and 1.7% wore buttons, banners or signs or engaged in verbal protests.

The doctors say in the study that they classified the wearing of a keffiyeh, or traditional Palestinian head scarf, as “antisemitic regalia.” (The issue of whether keffiyehs are antisemitic has been hotly debated among Jews, and the Anti-Defamation League has stated the garment by itself is not antisemitic.)

Among other examples the study classified as antisemitic: signs reading “Stop Bombing Hospitals,” “Honor Our Oath — Free Palestine” and “Harvard Med Funds Genocide.”

In response to the investigation, Harvard Medical School issued a statement saying that it “condemns antisemitism and remains committed to combating all forms of discrimination and harassment.” Representatives at the other three universities under investigation did not immediately respond to Jewish Telegraphic Agency requests for comment.

Trump’s controversial nominee for health and human services secretary, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., has yet to be confirmed but recently won over key Senate votes that make his confirmation more likely. Kennedy has suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic was “ethnically targeted” to avoid Ashkenazi Jews and compared vaccine mandates to the Holocaust.

Even without his confirmation, federal funding for medical research under Trump is facing significant cuts.