ISTANBUL, Turkey — An Israeli strike on a meeting of Hamas officials in Qatar has cast a cloud of growing concern across Turkey that it could be the site of Israel’s next strike on the leaders of the Gaza-based terror group.

Turkish Defense Ministry spokesman Rear Adm. Zeki Akturk warned in Ankara on Thursday that Israel would “further expand its reckless attacks, as it did in Qatar, and drag the entire region, including its own country, into disaster.”

Israel on Tuesday conducted an airstrike against senior Hamas leaders who do not reside in the Gaza Strip and were holding a meeting in the Qatari capital, Doha.

Israel and Turkey were once strong regional partners, but ties between the countries ran into difficulties from the late 2000s and have reached an all-time low since the Hamas terror group invaded Israel on October 7, 2023, killing some 1,200 people, taking 251 hostages and sparking the ongoing war in Gaza.

Tensions also have risen as Israel and Turkey have competed for influence in neighboring Syria. Islamist-led rebels, backed by Turkey, toppled the regime of Bashar al-Assad last year, and Jerusalem has repeatedly expressed concerns about their intentions.

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has been a long-standing supporter of the Palestinian cause and of the Palestinian terror group Hamas, which is sworn to the destruction of Israel.

Hamas officials regularly visit Turkey and some have taken up residence there. Israel has previously accused Turkey of allowing Hamas to plan attacks from its territory, as well as to recruit and fundraise there.

The Turkish president has criticized Israel, and particularly Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, with strident rhetoric since the start of the war, accusing Israel of genocide and likening Netanyahu to Nazi leader Adolf Hitler.

Israel vehemently rejects any accusations of war crimes, and says that it complies with international law.

Hamas officials regularly visit Turkey and some have taken up residence there.

Erdogan is close to Qatar’s leaders and Turkey maintains strong military and commercial ties to the emirate. He is due to travel to Qatar this weekend for an Arab and Muslim leaders’ summit.

The summit was called in response to Israel’s bombing in Doha last week. Israel has said that the Hamas leaders attacked in Doha were responsible for the October 7 assault and were an impediment to ending the war. It has vowed to continue targeting them.

“Israel’s ability to conduct strikes with seeming impunity, often bypassing regional air defenses and international norms, sets a precedent that deeply worries Ankara,” said Serhat Suha Cubukcuoglu, director of Trends Research and Advisory’s Turkey program.

Turkey sees these attacks as a “broader Israeli strategy to establish a fragmented buffer zone of weak or pacified states around it,” he added.

After Hamas launched its 2023 attack from Gaza, other Iran-backed Islamist terror groups — including Hezbollah in Lebanon and the Houthis in Yemen —  also attacked Israel with months of missiles and drones.

Israel eventually largely destroyed Hezbollah, before a November 2024 ceasefire ended open conflict; conducted a series of strikes on Houthi infrastructure; and preemptively attacked Iran’s nuclear and ballistic missile sites, which Jerusalem described as posing an imminent, existential threat to Israel.

In crossing a previously unthinkable line by attacking inside Qatar — a close American ally that has been serving as a mediator in talks on a ceasefire in Gaza and the release of the hostages still held by terror groups there — Israel also has raised the question of how far it will go in pursuing Hamas targets.

Through its NATO membership, Turkey would seem to have a greater degree of protection against Israeli attack than that afforded to Qatar by its close ties to the United States.

Turkey also boasts significantly greater military might than the Gulf state, with its armed forces second in size only to the US among NATO countries and an advanced defense industry.

As tensions rise, Turkey has boosted its defenses. During the Israel-Iran war in June, Erdogan announced an increase in missile production. Last month he formally inaugurated Turkey’s “Steel Dome” integrated air defense system, while projects such as the KAAN fifth-generation fighter have been fast-tracked.

Ozgur Unluhisarcikli, director of the German Marshall Fund in Ankara, said an Israeli airstrike on the territory of a NATO member would be “extremely unlikely,” but small-scale bomb or gun attacks on potential Hamas targets in Turkey by Israeli agents could be a distinct possibility.

Cubukcuoglu, meanwhile, said the Qatar attack could harden Ankara’s support for Hamas.

“This resonates with Turkish anxieties that Israel may eventually extend such operations to Turkish territory,” he said. “The Turkish government calculates that abandoning Hamas now would weaken its regional influence, while standing firm bolsters its role as a defender of Palestinian causes against Israeli aggression.”

While attention is focused on tensions surrounding the war in Gaza and Turkey’s relations with Hamas, Unluhisarcikli warned the greater danger may be in Syria, where he described Israel and Turkey as being “on a collision course.”

“To think that targeting Turkish troops or Turkish allies or proxies in Syria would be to go too far is wishful thinking,” he said.

Since Syrian rebels unseated Assad in December, rising tensions between Turkey and Israel have played out there. Ankara has supported the new interim government and sought to expand its influence, including in the military sphere.

Israel views the new government with suspicion. It has seized a UN-patrolled buffer zone in southern Syria — saying this is a temporary measure, for self-defense — and launched hundreds of airstrikes on Syrian military facilities.

Jerusalem has also positioned itself as the protector of the Druze religious minority against the primarily Sunni Muslim authorities in Damascus.

Earlier this year, when Syrian security forces were sent into the Sweida province after sectarian clashes broke out, Druze Israelis called on Israel to intervene, to protect their brethren on the other side of the border from atrocities and abuses. The calls led to Israeli airstrikes in Syria and a demand that central authorities leave the region alone.

The conflict came after earlier massacres committed by security forces against Alawites, another religious minority, to which former ruler Bashar al-Assad belonged.

Tensions also could spill into the wider eastern Mediterranean, with Israel potentially strengthening already close ties to Greece and Greek Cypriots to challenge Turkey’s military occupation in northern Cyprus.

Turkey appears to be pursuing a mixture of military deterrence and diplomacy in Syria aimed at defusing tensions to avoid a direct conflict with Israel.

Turkish and Israeli officials held talks in April to establish a “de-escalation mechanism” in Syria. The move followed Israeli strikes on a Syrian airbase that Turkey had been purportedly planning to use. Netanyahu said at the time that Turkish bases in Syria would be a “danger to Israel.”

Ankara and Damascus last month signed an agreement on Turkey providing military training and advice to Syria’s armed forces.

Erdogan also may hope Washington would take a hard line against any Israeli military incursions.

While Netanyahu has sought support from US President Donald Trump in the faceoff with Turkey, Trump instead lavished praise on Erdogan for “taking over Syria” and urged Netanyahu to be “reasonable” in his dealings with Turkey.

But as the strike in Qatar showed, having strong relations with Washington is not necessarily a safeguard against Israel.

The Qatar attack showed there was “no limit to what the Israeli government can do,” Unluhisarcikli said.