The Supreme Court on Tuesday declined to take up a challenge to a land swap enabling mining at a sacred Indigenous site, garnering pushback from conservative justices Neil Gorsuch and Clarence Thomas.

A 2014 law enabled a land transfer between mining company Resolution Copper and the federal government, allowing the miner to take control of a site called Oak Flat in Arizona, which is sacred to the Western Apache.

A group called Apache Stronghold, which says it represents Apaches, other Native peoples, and non-Native allies, appealed the case to the Supreme Court, asking it to reverse a 9th Circuit decision on religious freedom grounds.

The high court declined to take up the case Tuesday without explaining its decision. However, Gorsuch issued a dissent, joined by Thomas.

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“For centuries, Western Apaches have worshipped at Chí’chil Biłdagoteel, or Oak Flat. They consider the site a sacred and ‘direct corridor to the Creator,’” Gorsuch wrote. “ Now, the government and a mining conglomerate want to turn Oak Flat into a massive hole in the ground.”

“Before allowing the government to destroy the Apaches’ sacred site, this Court should at least have troubled itself to hear their case,” he added. 

Apache Stronghold said in its petition that Oak Flat “is the site of religious ceremonies that cannot take place elsewhere,” including ceremonies for boys entering manhood and girls entering womanhood. 

For the court to take up a case, it needs at least four votes in favor of doing so. It’s not clear whether any other justices voted with Gorsuch and Thomas. Justice Samuel Alito recused himself.

“It is hard to imagine a more brazen attack on faith than blasting the birthplace of Apache religion into a gaping crater,” said Luke Goodrich, part of Apache Stronghold’s legal team and vice president and senior counsel at Beckett.

In its own filing, Resolution Copper argued the court should not have taken up the case because the land exchange was authorized by Congress and because Apache Stronghold is a nonprofit “with no religious claim of its own and thus no standing” to bring the case.

“The Resolution Copper mine is vital to securing America’s energy future, infrastructure needs, and national defense with a domestic supply of copper and other critical minerals,” Victoria Peacey, general manager of Resolution Copper, said in a statement. “We are encouraged by the significant community support for the project, which has the potential to become one of the largest copper mines in America, add $1 billion a year to Arizona’s economy, and create thousands of local jobs in a region where mining has played an important role for more than a century.”

Resolution Copper is a joint venture between mining companies Rio Tinto and BHP.

Zach Schonfeld contributed. Updated at 1:34 p.m. EDT