Most Americans don’t realize the simple act of pouring a glass of water, using their favorite shampoo, or wearing a rain jacket can impact their chances of having children.

Infertility is on the rise in the United States, affecting one out of every eight couples.  It’s a sobering reality that touches the lives of women and men almost equally.

One of the lesser-known culprits are chemicals used in commercial products, which are linked to infertility and other serious health outcomes like thyroid disease, cancer, preeclampsia, and immune dysfunction.

Its official names are perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS), but are also known as “forever chemicals” since they don’t break down or degrade over time. They’re found in hundreds of everyday products and are prevalent in the drinking water of more than 200 million Americans.

Products containing PFAS are in everything from water-resistant fabrics to personal care items and food. Though exposure via drinking water is having a measurable effect on U.S. fertility rates.

A 2020 analysis stated that PFAS contamination in America’s drinking water has been “dramatically underestimated” in previous studies, including those done by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

PFAS was also detected in the blood of 97 percent of U.S. residents, according to a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report, which used data from a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

And fertility experts say high PFAS exposure can drastically impact someone’s chances of having children.

“There’s definitely an increase in infertility,” Dr. Jane Frederick told The Epoch Times.

Frederick has specialized in reproductive endocrinology and infertility for the past 30 years. She’s currently the Medical Director of HRC Fertility in Orange County, California.

She has observed a number of factors contributing to America’s escalating fertility crisis but noted the impact of PFAS on reproductive health shouldn’t be underestimated.

“The problem with them [PFAS] is they can pollute your water system,” she said, adding the overall lack of testing for PFAS is an issue. “We need more studies. We need to be testing our water more in communities.”

Frederick said, “It’s unfortunate we don’t look at our environment for reproductive toxicity.”

A landmark 2020 study of nearly 50,000 births in Minnesota was the first to establish a cause-effect link between “forever chemicals” and higher rates of infertility, premature birth, and low birth weights.

The city of Oakdale—which had PFAS water contamination—was used for analyzing the impact on fertility between 2001 and 2006. Women of childbearing age suffered reduced fertility rates of up to 25 percent during this time. Babies born during the study period were 36 percent more likely to be underweight and 45 percent likely to be born prematurely.

After a water filtration system was installed to remove PFAS from Oakdale’s drinking water in 2006, researchers saw improved fertility rates within a year.

However, overall fertility remained lower than the general population.

“This is a red light. This is like a signal: ‘Hey, there’s something bad going on here.’ We’re looking at the tip of an iceberg,” study co-author Dr. Philippe Grandjean said during a 2020 webinar.

Subsequent research in 2022 confirmed a connection between maternal exposure to PFAS and lower sperm concentration and total sperm counts in young men.

It’s a growing concern for many, especially considering the sharp decline of U.S. births in recent decades. In 2007, the average birth rate was around two children per woman. That dropped by more than 20 percent in 2021. The decrease represents the lowest birth rate in almost a century.

“Science is clear that nearly everyone is continuously exposed to rising numbers of PFAS, including through breast milk and in the womb. These cumulative, yet little-monitored exposures are harmful,” clinical embryologist Daniella Gilboa told The Epoch Times.

Gilboa is the CEO of the fast-growing medical start-up AIVF, which uses diverse datasets to address infertility at the source. She confirmed the findings of the 2022 study, saying, “There’s hard evidence of a decline in sperm count that’s even accelerating.”

While scientists and health professionals agree that PFAS exposure impacts reproductive health in both men and women, Gilboa noted that measuring the effects of toxins is complicated.

“We know there’s a huge problem. We know there are long-term effects. They [PFAS] are linked to serious health impacts, but they are very hard to measure,” she said.

Though other reproductive specialists say that measuring the problem should take a backseat to mitigating exposure and creating awareness.

“Studies confirm that PFAS and other environmental toxins … are detrimental to fertility, and the big problem is that these things are in everything. Name a favorite product … and chances are high that it has at least one of these environmental toxins,” Joni Hanson Davis told The Epoch Times.

Davis is the founder of the Beli Baby prenatal supplement brand for men and women. She says minimizing exposure to PFAS is an essential step in the right direction for increasing fertility.

“Particularly when you’re trying to conceive. Clean Water Action has a great round-up of ways to reduce exposure to PFAS,” she said.

Gilboa agrees with this sentiment, saying PFAS build-up can be dangerous for hopeful mothers and their children. “Exposure can affect a child in the womb, years later.”

The list of “forever chemicals” used in manufacturing is staggering, with more than 9,000 different types.

The EPA has a “safe” number assigned to PFAS presence in U.S. drinking water. Last year the agency updated its health advisory levels to 0.004 parts per trillion (ppt). This is considerably lower than where the safety bar sat three years ago.

Some have attributed this change to pressure from researchers, health professionals, and public outcry over toxic levels of PFAS floating around in America’s water.

In 2020, researchers shamed the EPA for allowing up to 70 ppt of “forever chemicals” in U.S. water supplies. On March 14, the White House announced President Joe Biden’s Bipartisan Infrastructure Law would invest $9 billion over five years to reduce PFAS contamination in drinking water.

But the damage has already been done to Americans who want to start a family.

“The problem with PFAS is you have to turn it off at the source,” Frederick said, adding that companies producing these chemicals need to be held accountable.

Gilboa supported this, saying advocacy for policy changes and education are part of protecting reproductive health. “We must reduce the use, marketing, widespread contamination, and harm of these ‘forever chemicals’ today and into the future,” she said.