Three tax-preparation companies have shared sensitive personal information of millions of taxpayers with Meta and other Big Tech companies like Google, according to a new report by congressional Democrats.

The tax-prep companies—TaxAct, H&R Block, and TaxSlayer—are said to have “shared millions of taxpayers’ data with Meta, Google, and other Big Tech firms” using computer code known as pixels, according to the July 12 report (pdf). Pixels, used across the internet, is a piece of code on websites that is used to gather information about visitors that helps in understanding their interests and behaviors.

“Tax-prep companies shared extraordinarily sensitive personal and financial information with Meta,” the report said. Collected data include names, tax information, and details of dependents among others.

Though the tax firms and Big Tech claimed that the shared data were anonymous, the report pointed out that the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and experts have suggested the data could be used to identify individuals.

During the investigation, Meta admitted that it used the collected data to target ads to taxpayers as well as train the company’s AI algorithms.

The report was prepared by U.S. senators Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.), Ron Wyden (D-Ore.), Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.), Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.), Tammy Duckworth (D-Ill.) Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.), and Rep. Katie Porter (D-Calif.).

The lawmakers point out that the report reveals a “shocking breach of taxpayer privacy by tax prep companies and by Big Tech firms that appeared to violate taxpayers’ rights and may have violated taxpayer privacy law.”

“The Internal Revenue Service, the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, the Federal Trade Commission, and the Department of Justice should fully investigate this matter and prosecute any company or individuals who violated the law,” the report said. The lawmakers sent a letter to these agencies demanding an investigation.

The data of users were collected via Meta Pixel and Google Analytics. TaxAct’s Meta Pixel deployment collected information including taxpayer’s full names, email, country, state, city, zip codes, phone numbers, gender, date of birth, filing status, approximate adjusted gross income, approximate refund amount, names of dependents, buttons clicked online, and web browser used.

In addition, TaxAct used another Meta tool to collect indicators of whether a taxpayer was the head of the household, had certain assets, investment income, mortgage interests, standard deductions, charitable contributions, Schedule Cs, and student loan interest. TaxAct collected “substantially similar” data using Google Analytics.

“H&R Block and TaxSlayer also revealed an extensive list of data shared via the Meta Pixel, including transmitting information on whether taxpayers had visited pages for many revealing tax situations, such as having dependents, certain types of income (such as rental income or capital gains), and certain tax credits or deductions,” the report said.

Taxpayer privacy laws contain penalties for violating the rights of those who pay taxes, including large fines and potential jail time. Tax preparers are required to obtain written consent from the taxpayer before disclosing their tax return information to a third party.

By handing over such data to Meta and Google, the three tax-prep firms failed to adhere to the law, the report said. Violation comes with criminal penalties of up to $1,000 per instance as well as jail time of up to a year.

Since the companies shared the data of millions of taxpayers, they could be on the hook for billions of dollars in potential criminal liability

Though tax firms can turn over data to “auxiliary service providers,” the lawmakers noted that the data shared with Meta and Google were for advertising purposes and not related to the preparation of a tax return.

The Epoch Times has reached out to TaxAct, H&R Block, and TaxSlayer for comment.

Following the release of the report, a TaxSlayer representative claimed that it contained “numerous false or misleading statements” about the taxpayer information sent to Meta and Google, according to the Associated Press. The firm said that it will send a request for retraction or correction from Senator Warren’s office.

According to Meta, its policies have made it clear that advertisers “should not send sensitive information about people through our Business Tools. Doing so is against our policies and we educate advertisers on properly setting up Business tools to prevent this from occurring.”

Meta insisted that its system is designed to “filter out” potentially sensitive data that it can detect. However, lawmakers in the report had said that Meta’s filtering systems “appeared to be ineffective” when it came to preventing the collection of sensitive taxpayer information.

The report pointed out that over 80 percent of all filings in 2022 were done through “one of a handful of private, online tax-filing companies” like TaxAct, H&R Block, and TaxSlayer.

The report accused the tax preparation of industry of having “long fought against efforts to make U.S. tax filing simpler and cheaper” while highlighting the fact that many countries “offer return-free tax filing.”

In a return-free system, the government uses the information it has on taxpayers to help prepare their returns rather than requiring them to make their own tax calculations. This makes such service free and fast.

Back in May, the IRS published a report showing that 72 percent of Americans would be interested in a free, electronic tax-filing service from the agency. A pilot version of such a service is planned to be released in the 2024 tax-filing season to a limited number of taxpayers.