NIKKI HALEY’S presidential hopes hinge on the tiny state of New Hampshire. On January 23rd voters there will cast their ballots in the second contest of the Republican primaries. Though only three of the past eight winners of a competitive Republican Iowa caucus have gone on to win their party’s nomination, New Hampshire has voted for six eventual nominees. Ms Haley hopes to become the seventh.

Her campaign is right to bet on New Hampshire. Ms Haley’s base—independent, moderate and college-educated voters—makes up an unusually large share of the state’s primary electorate. But the promise New Hampshire offers is also why Ms Haley finds herself in a bind. Although a triumph in the Granite State could give her a lift, the electorate across the remaining key states in the Republican primary is more religious, less educated and as a result far Trumpier. The coalition she has crafted to be competitive in New Hampshire will be hard, perhaps impossible, to recreate elsewhere.

A Republican non-incumbent candidate has never won both Iowa and New Hampshire in the party’s primary. But judging by the latest polling Donald Trump, ever the disruptor, looks set to make history. He leads Ms Haley in the state by 15 points (see chart 1). In a Republican primary marked by candidates fighting for second place (the former president leads nationally by 55 points), the Haley campaign reckons her smaller deficit in New Hampshire is surmountable. A month before the Iowa caucuses Mr Trump’s lead in the state was nearly double what it is today. Her campaign and allied super PACs have bombarded New Hampshire’s airwaves with ads, spending twice as much as Mr Trump and a bit more than three and a half times as much as Ron DeSantis, who finished just above Ms Haley in the Iowa caucuses on January 15th (chart 2). If ad spending is any measure to go by, Mr DeSantis seems to have all but ceded New Hampshire to a two-way battle between Mr Trump and Ms Haley. The governor of Florida is probably preserving his resources for later contests that are more favourable to him.

If Ms Haley wins in New Hampshire it will be in no small part thanks to the state’s open primary rules and, to a lesser extent, a kink in the Democratic primary. Unaffiliated voters, not just Democrats and Republicans, can take part in one of New Hampshire’s primaries. This year some independents will have little choice but to vote in the Republican one because New Hampshire (living up to its state motto “live free or die”) has rendered the Democratic Party’s primary obsolete. In an effort to make the set of states that vote earlier in the primary process more reflective of the Democratic Party’s voters, the Democratic National Committee (DNC) moved the state’s primary to follow or coincide with those of South Carolina and Nevada, which have more non-white voters. But New Hampshire state law requires its primaries to be the first in the country. As a result, the contest on Tuesday is not formally recognised by the DNC, and Joe Biden is not on the ballot.

This is fortunate for Ms Haley. Independents in New Hampshire back her by a 15-point margin. According to poll estimates, they are expected to account for nearly half the state’s primary electorate, compared with 30% in 2016. However, other states with open Republican primaries will have a corresponding Democratic primary to siphon off independents. Such is the case in South Carolina, Ms Haley’s home state. According to a poll taken in early January, although independents there support her by a four-point margin, they make up only an estimated one-quarter of the state’s Republican-primary electorate. And because Mr Trump’s grip on the remaining three-quarters of South Carolina’s electorate is so strong (they back him by three to one), the overall gap between Ms Haley and the former president is a canyonesque 29 points. For her four-point advantage among independents to outweigh her 41-point deficit among Republicans, independents would need to make up 91% of the South Carolina electorate. They do not.

Just possibly she could win New Hampshire’s Republican primary on the backs of independents, but she cannot win the nomination with this formula. So winning alone is not enough; rather, Ms Haley needs to show marked improvement among the party faithful if her candidacy is to remain viable. She failed to surge among Republicans in Iowa and polling suggests it will be a tall order in New Hampshire, too. According to a Suffolk University poll, nearly half of Ms Haley’s would-be voters there say they are casting their ballot against Donald Trump, rather than in support of her. In contrast, 93% of Mr Trump’s supporters say they are voting for him, not against Ms Haley. MAGA voters’ support seems to be set in granite.■