A response to Karen Armstrong’s <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/4a05a4a4-f134-11db-838b-000b5df10621" target="_blank">claim</a> that the Crusaders were the first Christian group in history to demonize Muhammad as a way to justify the First Crusade. (My original, nearly 20 year-old, written response <a href="https://www.raymondibrahim.com/2007/05/07/islamic-apologetics/" target="_blank">here)</a>.

 {ai:summary}<p>Karen Armstrong's assertion that the Crusaders were the first Christians to demonize Muhammad to justify the First Crusade is contested. Historical evidence suggests that earlier Christian writings had already portrayed Muhammad negatively, indicating a longer tradition of such views prior to the Crusades.</p><p>This perspective challenges the notion that the Crusaders were uniquely responsible for this demonization, suggesting instead that it was part of a broader historical context of Christian-Muslim relations. #history</p>

Which Christians First 'Demonized' Muhammad — and Why?

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