Ukraine fired hundreds of exploding drones at Russia beginning on Tuesday night and continuing into Thursday morning, in one of the largest attacks in more than three years of war, Russian authorities said.

The Russian Ministry of Defense reported that 485 drones were shot down, 63 of them over the Moscow region. In total, 10 Russian regions were targeted in a barrage that lasted for some 36 hours, the authorities said. In Tula, one of the drones struck the roof of a multistory building.

It was not clear how much damage was caused by the strikes. Ukraine has not commented on the attack.

The drone swarm came just days after a telephone call between President Vladimir V. Putin and President Trump resulted in no breakthroughs in negotiating a peace deal. Since Mr. Trump took office and began his efforts to broker a deal, the conflict has intensified.

On Thursday, Russia launched 128 drones against Ukraine, damaging residential buildings in the Dnipro and Kharkiv regions. In Kyiv, falling debris from intercepted drones landed in a schoolyard.

On Thursday, local Telegram channels in Russia reported disruptions at Moscow airports, showing crowds of people milling around. Russia’s aviation authority said there were limited operations at four airports although generally airports were functioning normally.

A Telegram channel based in Ryazan said five drones were shot down near an oil refinery and shared photos of a fire sparked by falling debris. It remains unclear whether the refinery was directly hit or if it was a target.

“Dear citizens of the Tula region, I want to remind you of safety rules during drone attacks,” Dmitriy Milyayev, the head of the Tula region, posted on Telegram. He listed guidelines urging residents to stay away from windows and to refrain from photographing any damage.

Since March 18, when Russia and Ukraine agreed to pause strikes on energy infrastructure, both countries have accused each other of violating the agreement — though no specific incidents have been publicly confirmed.

Alina Lobzina contributed reporting from London.