President Trump received a pomp-filled royal welcome to Britain on Wednesday, feted by King Charles III at Windsor Castle during a two-day trip designed to be heavy on majesty and light on diplomacy.

At a gilded dinner in the castle’s St. George’s Hall, the king toasted Mr. Trump, citing what he called the “enduring bond” between the peoples of Britain and the United States. And he noted that “British soil makes for rather splendid golf courses,” a nod to the two clubs Mr. Trump owns in Scotland.

“Through the generations, our people have fought and died together for the values we hold dear,” Charles said. “We have celebrated together, mourned together and stood together in the best and worst of times.”

Mr. Trump returned the praise, thanking the king and his wife, Queen Camilla, for their “extraordinary graciousness.” He said the two countries must defend “the exceptional heritage that makes us who we are, and we must continue to stand for the values and the people of the English-speaking world.”

In a sign of how eagerly Britain is seeking to appeal to a president who has seemed intent on upending the post-World War II order, the visit marked the first time that an American leader has been invited to a second royal banquet. Mr. Trump attended a state banquet in 2019, and on Wednesday said he was honored to return for a second, saying, “That’s the first and maybe that’s going to be the last time. I hope it is actually.”

But the closest either of the two toasts got to current affairs was the king’s effort to — gently — cajole Mr. Trump on the need for the United States and Britain to jointly defend Ukraine.