The Trump administration has issued an executive order in which it pledged to guarantee Qatar’s security — including by taking military action — if the country were to come under attack.

The order, dated Sept. 29, 2025, was signed three weeks after Israel launched airstrikes targeting Hamas leaders in Qatar, which outraged Qatari and American officials and raised questions about the strength of U.S. security guarantees for the Gulf nation.

The executive order appeared to be aimed at reassuring Qatar that such a strike would not happen again. It states that any attack on Qatar would be treated as “a threat to the peace and security of the United States.”

Qatar hosts the largest U.S. military installation in the Middle East and, like many of its Gulf neighbors, has regarded the United States as a key guarantor of its security. That made the recent attack by Israel, a close American ally, particularly shocking to Qatari officials.

If Qatar were attacked, the executive order says, the United States should “take all lawful and appropriate measures — including diplomatic, economic, and, if necessary, military — to defend the interests of the United States and of the State of Qatar.”

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel defended the strikes in September, saying they were part of Israel’s oft-stated mission to avenge the Hamas-led attack on southern Israel on Oct. 7, 2023, which killed about 1,200 people and ignited the war in Gaza. Mr. Netanyahu has accused the Qatari government of providing a “safe haven” to Hamas.

The Israeli government has maintained informal relations with Qatar, which has served as a mediator, alongside Egypt, to end the war in Gaza.

Hamas said that no senior leaders were killed in the attack in Doha. The son of Khalil al-Hayya, a leading figure who helped plan the October 2023 attack, was killed, along with four other people associated with the group and a member of Qatar’s internal security forces, Cpl. Bader Saad al-Humaidi al-Dosari.

After the strikes, the Qatari prime minister, Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani, described the attack as “state terror.” His government has long said that it hosts Hamas officials at the request of the United States to facilitate channels of communication with the group.

On Monday, Mr. Netanyahu’s office said he had spoken by phone with Sheikh Mohammed and expressed regret that a Qatari security officer was killed in the Doha attack. He also said Israel did not intend to violate Qatar’s sovereignty again, his office added.

The Qatari foreign ministry said that Mr. Netanyahu apologized for the attack during the call.

The executive order calls for the U.S. secretary of defense to work with other senior officials to “maintain joint contingency planning with the State of Qatar to ensure a rapid and coordinated response to any foreign aggression against the State of Qatar.”

The attack in September was not the only time Qatar came under fire in recent months. In June, Iran launched missiles at the U.S. military installation in Qatar, an attack that Iran’s officials said was in retaliation for American strikes on its nuclear infrastructure.

Qatar was one of three Arab countries that Mr. Trump visited during a regional tour in May.

The country recently donated a 747 jetliner to the United States. Mr. Trump has said he wants to use the aircraft as a replacement for Air Force One.