President Trump first came to Washington as an outsider who had campaigned against the permanent professional political class.

But new financial disclosure filings highlight the expansion of a political cottage industry that revolves around him, one that has been quite lucrative for some of his closest aides.

The filings, which are mandatory and appear to have been posted on the White House website on Friday without any announcement, detail the finances of dozens of officials in the two years before they joined Mr. Trump’s administration.

Top Trump advisers like Dan Scavino, a deputy chief of staff, and Sergio Gor, the director of the presidential personnel office, reported making more than $1 million each from media-related ventures linked to Mr. Trump.

Others — including the powerful White House chief of staff, Susie Wiles, and the influential policy adviser Stephen Miller — reported being paid by think tanks or advocacy groups created to support Mr. Trump’s initiatives.

Two lawyers in the White House Counsel’s Office — the head of the office, David Warrington, and a deputy named Gary Lawkowski — worked at the law firm founded by Harmeet Dhillon, who is now serving as assistant attorney general. At the firm, Mr. Warrington and Mr. Lawkowski represented a Trump-allied Tennessee state legislator whom Mr. Trump pardoned in March for campaign finance-related crimes. Mr. Warrington also represented a so-called fake elector from Michigan, and Mr. Lawkowski represented Mr. Trump, as well as Kash Patel, who is now serving as the F.B.I. director.