President Trump ushered in new tariffs on imported furniture, kitchen cabinets and lumber on Tuesday, adding a fresh round of levies as he once again threatened to expand his trade war with China.

Tariffs ranging from 10 to 50 percent on foreign wood products and furniture snapped into effect just after midnight. The tariffs are meant to encourage more domestic logging and furniture manufacturing. But critics say that the levies will raise prices for American consumers and could slow industries including home building that rely on materials from abroad.

The tariffs come in addition to import taxes Mr. Trump has already imposed on cars, steel and other goods. And they take effect as Mr. Trump is engaging in a high stakes game of chicken with China, one of America’s biggest trading partners, which could end up derailing trade and slowing the U.S. economy.

On Friday, the president said he might add an additional 100 percent tax on all products from China beginning Nov. 1 after Beijing placed restrictions on exports of rare earth minerals. He also threatened to cancel a meeting in Korea with Chinese leader Xi Jinping, which is supposed to take place in a few weeks. American and European makers of semiconductors, electric vehicles and other products are highly dependent on Chinese minerals and the new restrictions could be crippling for those industries.

Mr. Trump’s threat sent financial markets plunging on Friday, with the S&P 500 index experiencing its steepest one-day slide in six months. By Sunday night, Mr. Trump appeared to walk back his threat, telling reporters aboard Air Force that while “right now” the plan was to impose Chinese tariffs Nov. 1, “let’s see what happens. November 1st is an eternity.”

On Monday, stocks rebounded as Mr. Trump suggested in a social media post that things with China might work out. “Don’t worry about China, it will all be fine!,” Mr. Trump wrote on Truth Social.