The rebel alliance that overthrew the Assad government in Syria vowed on Tuesday to hunt down and punish senior officials of the previous regime who are implicated in torture and other abuses, but said that rank-and-file conscripted soldiers would receive amnesty.

The leader of the rebel force that stormed into the Syrian capital, Damascus, over the weekend issued statements suggesting he was seeking to strike a balance between retribution and filling the power vacuum left after President Bashar al-Assad fled to Russia and the Syrian government disintegrated.

“We will not relent in holding accountable the criminals, murderers and security and military officers involved in torturing the Syrian people,” the rebel leader, Ahmed al-Shara, said in a post on the Telegram messaging app. He heads Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, a Sunni Islamist group that is the most powerful of the armed factions that toppled Mr. al-Assad.

Mr. al-Shara said the rebel group would soon announce “List No. 1,” which will contain senior figures “implicated in the torture of the Syrian people.” The group will also issue rewards to those who provide information about officials who took part in war crimes, he said.

The announcement comes at a time of jubilation and great uncertainty in Syria, with foreign powers jockeying for advantage in the country as the rebel leadership seeks to assert itself. Israel said on Tuesday that it had destroyed Syria’s Navy and other military assets in overnight airstrikes, arguing that it needed to keep them out of the hands of militant jihadists.