A federal appeals court on Wednesday ordered a new trial in a long-running and closely watched libel lawsuit that Sarah Palin, the former governor of Alaska and Republican vice-presidential nominee, brought against The New York Times.

The court found that Ms. Palin’s original trial against The Times, which she lost in 2022, had been tainted by problematic rulings by the presiding judge.

The suit, which Ms. Palin first filed in 2017, accused The Times of defaming her in an editorial that wrongly suggested that she had incited a 2011 shooting at a political event in Arizona. Ms. Palin said the editorial had damaged her reputation, even though The Times had swiftly corrected and apologized for the piece.

A federal jury in New York City ruled for The Times. Ms. Palin appealed, arguing in part that the judge hearing the case had wrongly excluded evidence. She also argued that the jury may have been swayed when the judge announced that he planned to throw out the lawsuit even as the jury was continuing to deliberate.

The three-judge appeals panel in New York sided with Ms. Palin, saying the trial judge, Jed S. Rakoff, had made a number of errors that “impugn the reliability” of the verdict. The appeals court called for a new trial.

“Governor Palin is very happy with today’s decision, which is a significant step forward in the process of holding publishers accountable for content that misleads readers and the public in general,” Shane Vogt, Ms. Palin’s lawyer, said.