An explosion damaged the entryway to a subway station where people were sheltering from an air attack. A missile or a drone appeared to set a kindergarten on fire. And a city in western Ukraine endured its largest barrage of the war.

Russia overnight Sunday to Monday fired the latest in a series of huge missile and exploding drone barrages in Ukraine that have steadily escalated in recent months even as cease-fire talks began in the spring. At least one person was killed and several were injured in Kyiv, the capital.

The recent bombardments have caught the attention of President Trump, who cited the Russian bombing campaign when he announced a plan last week to provide new military aid for Ukraine. The attacks early Monday were the first large volleys since that announcement, when Mr. Trump said “we are very unhappy” with Russia.

In Kyiv, the engines of Russian exploding drones flying over the city were heard nearly continuously from after midnight until first light, interspersed with dozens of explosions. The authorities reported fires in four neighborhoods and one fatality.

One blast hit the entrance to the Lukianivska subway station while dozens of people sheltered underground on the platform, sending a cloud of dust wafting down the escalators. Videos circulating on social media showed people in the subway coughing and crying.

Elsewhere in Kyiv, a kindergarten was set on fire by what appeared to be either falling debris or a direct hit from a drone or a missile, officials said.