Israel’s Knesset opened its winter session on Monday against a backdrop of war in Gaza and Lebanon and after an Israeli strike on Iran on Saturday. It also comes amid tensions within Israel itself.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s coalition controls the Knesset, or parliament. The coalition is made up of his right-wing Likud party, the largest, which governs with six smaller parties, including two from the far-right.

Here is a look at some key legislative items on the agenda:

Conscription

Israel’s Supreme Court issued a ruling in June that there was no legal basis for the longstanding military exemption given to ultra-Orthodox religious students and, as a result, the military must begin drafting ultra-Orthodox Jewish men.

The exemption has polarized Israeli society, pitting secular Jews against the ultra-Orthodox, who say their religious study is as essential and protective as the military. Division over the issue has intensified during the wars in Gaza and Lebanon, with some arguing that the exemption unfairly places the burden of military service on Israelis who are not ultra-Orthodox. The ruling also exposed the fault lines in Mr. Netanyahu’s coalition, which depends on the support of two ultra-Orthodox parties that oppose ending the exemption.

At the same time, the matter is a source of tension between Mr. Netanyahu and defense minister Yoav Gallant, who wants a broader consensus over the issue. Mr. Gallant voted against a draft bill on enlistment in June.

Lawmakers are expected to introduce bills to translate the court’s ruling into legislation. The government has been seeking a compromise over the issue, according to Israeli media reports. The chairman of the Knesset’s foreign affairs committee, Yuli Edelstein, has said on social media that he is pursuing a deal that he hoped would be acceptable to all parties.