An Israeli airstrike that deliberately killed an Al Jazeera reporter, as well as several of his colleagues, has aggravated tensions between Israel and Qatar, which funds the television network and is also a central mediator in talks to end the war in Gaza.

The Israeli attack on Sunday, near a hospital in Gaza City, killed five Al Jazeera journalists, the network reported: the correspondents Anas al-Sharif and Mohammed Qreiqeh; the photographers Ibrahim Zaher and Moamen Aliwa; and an assistant, Mohammed Noufal. The network had previously said four of its people died in the attack. Gaza officials said that in addition to the journalists, two others were also killed.

The Israeli military had accused Mr. al-Sharif of being a Hamas fighter — an allegation that he and the network had rejected — and pointedly identified Al Jazeera as “Qatari.” The government of Qatar responded with a strong condemnation.

“The deliberate targeting of journalists by Israel in the Gaza Strip reveals how these crimes are beyond imagination,” Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman al-Thani, the prime minister of Qatar, said on Monday, in criticizing the international community’s inability “to stop this tragedy.”

The attack underlined Israel’s complex relationship with Qatar, which Israeli leadership relies on as a back channel to Hamas, while simultaneously regarding the country with suspicion.

The rulers of Qatar — a Persian Gulf peninsula with fewer than 400,000 citizens — have used its fossil fuel wealth to achieve global prominence. Qatar is home to a U.S. military base, a major international airline, one of the world’s largest sports broadcasters and the Al Jazeera news network.