As voting got underway after months of partisan attacks on the process, the worst fears about a disrupted Election Day had not materialized by Tuesday afternoon, though disinformation was widespread and officials remained on guard in case things went awry later.

Reports of issues at the polls by Tuesday afternoon were sparse and represented a mix of glitches typically seen at polling stations and newer-style, foreign disinformation attacks.

They included bomb threats in Georgia that the state authorities almost immediately traced to Russian email domains but that still forced a brief closure of two polling locations.

Still, with memories of the Jan. 6, 2021, assault on the Capitol still fresh, voters in much of the nation had to navigate bulletproof glass and security fences at polling locations. Some have also become accustomed to conservative activists hunting for examples of rare fraud — an edgy new normal for the country’s democratic process.

Four years ago, voting seemed relatively smooth on Election Day as well, only to be followed by eruptions of menacing protest and former President Donald J. Trump’s false claims of victory, which mounted as counting continued for days.