The annual defense bill has become entangled in a tumultuous Republican feud in the House, as hard-right lawmakers revolt over a bipartisan agreement to jettison a raft of deeply partisan dictates that would have limited abortion access, transgender care and diversity training.

The dispute over the $886 billion military policy bill, considered one of the few pieces of legislation Congress is obligated to pass every year, is unlikely to sink the legislation altogether. But it has created a political crisis for Speaker Mike Johnson, who has come under withering criticism from ultraconservative Republicans for his handling of government spending measures and now faces a backlash over what is normally a broadly popular bill.

“It’s going to be a very big problem for him if he puts it on the floor. Our base will be furious,” Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene, Republican of Georgia, said of the defense bill. She excoriated Mr. Johnson for having given up on a litany of policy changes conservatives had championed, adding, “He’s going to lose support.”

The bill has been a lightning rod for controversy since this summer, when House Republicans, under pressure from the far right to combat what they charged was “wokeness” in the military, packed it with measures to roll back abortion access, health care for transgender service members and diversity, equity and inclusion training. The result was a rawly partisan bill that passed the House largely along party lines, a rarity for the defense policy bill, which traditionally draws lopsided bipartisan backing.