President Trump on Wednesday suggested that he was powerless to control President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia ahead of a planned meeting on Friday in Alaska, saying he could not convince the Russians to stop killing Ukrainian civilians or hacking American court records.
Mr. Trump did warn of “severe consequences” if Mr. Putin did not abandon his grueling invasion of Ukraine during their discussion, scheduled to be held at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson in Anchorage. But Mr. Trump was dismissive when asked to address matters of national security and the horrors of war, raising questions about whether he has the leverage or the will to convince Mr. Putin to end the invasion.
Asked whether he could convince Mr. Putin to stop targeting civilians, Mr. Trump said that it was a discussion he had already had with Mr. Putin. Russian forces have pounded Ukrainians with drones and missiles, sending civilians scrambling for shelter. Mr. Trump and Mr. Putin have spoken at least five times since Mr. Trump was sworn in for a second term in January, and Russian forces have pushed forward all the while.
“I’ve had a lot of good conversations with him,” Mr. Trump told a reporter during an appearance at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington — one that was originally about announcing this year’s class of Kennedy Center honorees. “Then I go home and I see that a rocket hit a nursing home, or a rocket hit an apartment building and people are laying dead in the street. So I guess the answer to that is no, because I’ve had this conversation.”
Mr. Trump struck a similar tone when asked if he had seen reporting in The New York Times on Tuesday that Russia was behind a widespread breach of federal court systems. The system that was exposed holds highly sensitive records with information that could reveal sources and people charged with national security crimes.
“Are you surprised? You know?” Mr. Trump said. “That’s what they do. They’re good at it. We’re good at it. We’re actually better at it.”
He was also asked if he planned to bring up the reporting with Mr. Putin, but did not answer.
Mr. Trump has long bragged about his ability to make deals and use tough talk to get his way, but his relative softness toward Mr. Putin has long perplexed analysts. Some view the latest meeting as a haphazardly planned get-together that risks damaging American interests and blunting the power of the presidency, if Mr. Trump returns to Washington empty handed.
“His rhetorical posture is completely acquiescent,” said Michael A. McFaul, a former ambassador to Russia under President Barack Obama. “The risk is that it makes the leader of the United States in America, the most powerful person in the world, look weak.”
When he has spoken of helping end the war, Mr. Trump has so far repeated proposals floated by the Russians, such as a swap of territory that could include the entire eastern region known as the Donbas, an idea already flatly rejected by President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine. The president said on Wednesday that he had held a call with European leaders, including Mr. Zelensky, and that the Ukrainian president would be included in a quick follow-up meeting if everything went well. But even on that point, Mr. Trump doubled back.
“Now there may be no second meeting,” Mr. Trump said. “Because if I feel that it’s not appropriate to have it, because I didn’t get the answers that we have to have, then we’re not going to have a second meeting.”
Fiona Hill, who served as senior director for European and Russian affairs in the National Security Council during Mr. Trump’s first term, said that Mr. Trump was not the only leader taking a risk by taking the meeting. Mr. Putin’s campaign against Ukraine has extended far longer than he anticipated, a miscalculation that has chipped away at the idea that he is a grand strategist, Ms. Hill said.
There is the risk, she added, that Mr. Trump again loses patience with the peacemaking process, as he has in recent weeks.
“Maybe we’re getting there where that view of Putin is going to shift,” Ms. Hill said of Mr. Trump. “And that is dangerous for Putin.”
Still, without Mr. Zelensky present, the conditions of the coming meeting favor Mr. Putin, who had issued the invitation to Mr. Trump to meet. Mr. Trump’s predecessor, Joseph R. Biden Jr., viewed Mr. Putin a “war criminal,” issuing sanctions meant to cripple the finances of the Russian leader and those around him. But on Friday, Mr. Trump will fly across the country to welcome Mr. Putin to an American military base to see what he has in mind.
That laid-back approach — Mr. Trump earlier this week described it as a “feel-out meeting” — seemed to conflict with his threat that Mr. Putin may actual face consequences if he does not agree to end the war. Since Mr. Trump took office, many of the U.S. sanctions levied against Russia have weakened, and Mr. Trump did not say on Wednesday if he would strengthen them or come up with something else.
Asked if there would be consequences if Mr. Putin did not take steps to end the war, Mr. Trump answered: “There will be consequences. I don’t have to say. There will be very severe consequences.”
Much of the leverage Mr. Trump could have used with Mr. Putin could have come in the weeks leading up to the meeting, said Steven Pifer, a nonresident senior fellow at the Brookings Institution and a former ambassador to Ukraine under President Bill Clinton. Mr. Trump had expressed public frustration over Mr. Puting ignoring his calls to halt his offensive against the Ukrainians.
But so far, none of the threats have materialized into the kind of punishments that could force Mr. Putin to change course. Mr. Trump could have chosen to divert some $300 billion of frozen Russian central bank assets to Ukraine, Mr. Pifer said, or could have prioritized the production and shipment of American weapons purchased by the Europeans to maximize quick assistance to Kyiv. Mr. Trump has done none of those things, instead wondering aloud if “tariffs and stuff” might be the solution.
“You’re not going to get Putin to change course until he concludes he cannot achieve his goals on the battlefield,” Mr. Pifer said. “Had Trump wisely used that leverage and persuaded Putin that this would start happening, he would have dealt himself some cards.”