US inflation edged higher in August, spurring questions of whether the Federal Reserve will increase interest rates once again this fall in its quest to cool the economy.
The Consumer Price Index — a closely-watched measure of inflation that tracks changes in the costs of everyday goods and services — rose 0.6% in August versus a month earlier, according to data by the Bureau of Labor Statistics released Wednesday.
August’s acceleration is a 3.7% increase from 2022 — a stark slowdown from last summer, when inflation hit a four-decade peak at 9.1%.
In June, inflation bottomed out at 3%, and rose moderately to 3.2% in July, though all the rates are well above the Fed’s 2% goal.
As Wall Street expected, rising gasoline costs were the main culprit of August’s advance, ticking 10.6% higher last month and accounting for over half of the increase, the data showed.
As of Wednesday, the national average for one gallon of gas is $3.85, according to AAA figures — two cents less than a month ago and four cents less than a year ago as oil prices hit a 10-month high.
“Pump prices appear to be defying the odds at the moment, despite the surge in the cost of oil,” said AAA spokesperson Andrew Gross.
The energy index rose 5.6% in August after increasing just 0.2% in July, the Bureau of Labor Statistics said.
Food prices rose for 0.2% for the third consecutive month as the index for meats, poultry, fish and eggs advanced 0.8% in August. The index for pork edged 2.2% higher.
Meanwhile, core CPI — which excludes volatile food and energy prices — rose 0.3% from a month ago, slightly more than the 0.2% monthly gain in June and July.
Shelter costs remained stubbornly high despite a cooling housing market, likely because of mortgage rates, which are sitting at the highest level since 2001 and forcing many homeowners in major US cities to sell at a loss.
The shelter index was the largest factor in rising core CPI, increasing 0.3% month over month.
Airline fares, personal care and new vehicles also contributed to the rise of core CPI, as indexes for motor vehicle insurance also remained particularly strong.
The indexes for used cars and trucks and recreation decreased last month, the report said.
Economists are predicting that the slight increase in core inflation over the past three months sets up the Fed to hold interest rates steady next week following the central bankers’ highly-anticipated two-day meeting set for Sept. 19 and 20.
Whether Fed officials will raise its benchmark federal funds rate beyond its current range — between 5.25% and 5.5% — in November and December still remains up in the air.
At the Fed’s closely-watched meeting in Jackson Hole, Wyo., last month, Fed Chair Jerome Powell was hawkish in his tone on the still-stubbornly high inflation, though he remained vague on future rate hikes.
“We are navigating by the stars in cloudy skies,” Powell said from Jackson Lake Lodge, noting that Fed officials “will keep at it until the job is done” and the Fed’s 2% inflation goal is reached.
The central bank has worked to bring down stubbornly-high inflation by hiking rates another 25 basis points to a 22-year high last month in hopes of an economic slowdown.
Though consumers have continued to feel reprieve from the Fed’s aggressive tightening regime as inflation has eased from its 9.1% peak last June, the labor market has showed surprising resiliency over the last couple of months.
Employers have only recently begun to slow hiring.
In August, the economy added 187,000 jobs — the same amount as in July and the lowest number since COVID peaked in 2020.
In June, 209,000 jobs were added to the labor market, a slowdown from the massive 339,000 jobs added in May.
The US is currently enjoying a 31-month streak of monthly job gains.