More than 200 years after a slave rebellion turned Haiti into the world’s first free Black republic, the country is mired in gang warfare, political chaos, devastating poverty and widespread corruption.

Foreign aid, more than $13 billion in the last decade and a half, has failed to solve any of the country’s problems, and may well have made them worse.

Last month, 400 Kenyan peacekeepers entered the country to try to restore order. Canada was asked by the U.S. to do that job because it has a long history with the nation, but Prime Minister Justin Trudeau balked at making the commitment.