The Canadian Medical Association (CMA) has launched a legal challenge to Alberta’s recent ban on puberty blockers and cross-sex hormones for youth under 16 who identify as transgender. The CMA argues that Alberta’s Bill 26, enacted in December last year, violates physicians’ Charter right to freedom of conscience. This raises a pertinent question: If a doctor is compelled by conscience to subject vulnerable youth to unproven treatments despite growing evidence of harm, should governments intervene to protect patients?