The Islamic Republic of Iran’s unprecedented attacks on Israel in April and October 2024 — launching around 370 ballistic missiles, 170 drones and 30 cruise missiles across over 1,000 kilometres of Middle Eastern skies — left many observers perplexed. This seemingly irrational act, which brought no territorial gains and severe economic consequences, can only be understood through the lens of Iran’s theocratic regime and its apocalyptic ideology.