The tariffs took effect Tuesday—and Trump threatened reciprocal tariffs after Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said he would immediately impose a 25% tariff on $20.7 billion USD worth of U.S. goods and a 25% tariff on an additional $86.3 billion USD on American products within 21 days, warning that the U.S.-imposed tariffs will lead to Americans paying “more for groceries, gas and cars,” though Trudeau did not say which products would be subject to the additional tax.

It’s unclear how much of the added cost of the Canadian and Mexican tariffs businesses could transfer to consumers, but most economists believe tariffs lead to higher prices.

The 25% tariffs on Canadian and Mexican goods, and a separate 10% tariff on all other imports, may cause prices on around a quarter of all consumer spending to rise 0.81% if businesses pass along half the costs, or 1.63% if the costs are fully transferred, according to a Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta study.

The 25% Canada and Mexico tariffs could amount to an estimated total tax increase of between $120 billion and $225 billion, according to Jacob Jensen, a trade policy analyst at the center-right think tank the American Action Forum, told the Associated Press, while the Tax Policy Center estimates after-tax income could fall by $930 on average next year from the tariffs on Mexico and Canada, and the Peterson Institute for Economics predicts the tariffs on Canada, Mexico and China could cost the typical U.S. household $1,200 a year.

Cars: The Trump administration will exempt automakers from the Canadian and Mexican tariffs for one month, the White House said Wednesday after meeting a day earlier with Ford, General Motors and Stellantis—a move that could delay potential price increases that could amount to an estimated $3,000, as 22% of all vehicles sold in the U.S. are imported from Mexico and Canada, according to S&P Global.

Groceries: A significant portion of food products, from meat and grains to fresh vegetables, are imported from Canada and Mexico—Canada is the largest exporter of meat to the U.S., while 77% of fresh vegetables were imported from Mexico and 11% were imported from Canada in 2020, according to the USDA.

Electricity: Ontario Premier Doug Ford announced a 25% tariff on power the province sends to Minnesota, Michigan and New York in response to the Trump administration’s tariffs, warning it would cease exports entirely if Trump imposes additional tariffs.

Alcohol: The U.S. imported about $26 billion in alcohol from Mexico in 2022, while 18% of beer consumed from the U.S. stems from Mexico, according to the USDA.

Gas prices: Canada is the source of about 20% of oil used by Americans, while Canada and Mexico together account for 70% of U.S. crude imports—a 25% tariff could hike gas prices by 30 to 40 cents per gallon, GasBuddy head of petroleum analysis Patrick De Haan predicted to CBS last year, though Trump said earlier this year Canadian energy and oil exports would be subject to a lower 10% tariff.

Lumber: Canada is the largest supplier of lumber to the U.S., and the tariffs could lead the price per thousand board feet to jump to $600, up from just under $590, according to the Forest Resources Association; Trump last week also ordered the Commerce Department to investigate whether lumber imports threaten national security as White House officials argue the U.S. should be self-sufficient in the lumber industry and that existing policies have driven up construction and housing costs.